A urinalysis checks your urine for signs of infection, kidney problems, diabetes and dehydration. It is quick, painless and surprisingly informative. Here is what the common entries mean.
Leukocytes and nitrites
Leukocyte esterase and nitrites together strongly suggest a urinary tract infection, especially with symptoms such as burning or urgency.
Protein
A small amount can be harmless or due to fever or exercise, but persistent protein in the urine can be an early sign of kidney stress and is often followed up with a microalbumin test and creatinine.
Blood
Blood in the urine (hematuria) has many causes — infection, stones, or irritation — and usually warrants a follow-up to find the source.
Glucose and ketones
Glucose in urine can be a clue to diabetes; pair it with a fasting glucose or HbA1c. Ketones appear with fasting, low-carb diets or uncontrolled diabetes.
Specific gravity
This reflects how concentrated your urine is and is largely a measure of hydration.
You don't have to interpret a single number alone. Upload your full lab report and Lab Lens will explain every value in plain English, or browse all our lab test guides.
This article is for general education only and is not medical advice. Reference ranges vary between laboratories — always read your result against the range on your own report and discuss it with your doctor.